Needs

Needs/Values

Needs as Marshall uses the term.

are 'Universal' - they do not involve specific people taking specific actions. (so not "I need fred to get the milk", rather "I need sustainance"). All people share the same universal needs.
The need for the safety and wellbeing of others is a universal need. This seems to go against the previous point, but the contradiction is seen to be a linguistic anomaly in our culture.
A less pure, though pragmatic form is the 'contextualised need'. For example "I really value harmony with the people I work with".

Needs List

These are Max-Neef's, modified by Marshall

#	need	max-neef	expansion
1	Subsistence	same	food, shelter, water, health
2	Safety/security	protection	from life-threatening forms (esp. other human beings).
3	Love	affection	closeness, companionship, intimacy
4	Empathy	understanding
5	Creativity	creation
6	Community	participation	belonging, acceptance, cooperation, communication
7	Rest, recreation, play	leisure	joy humor
8	Autonomy	Freedom	choice independence space spontaneity
9	Meaning/Purpose	identity	awareness celebration of life challenge clarity competence consciousness contribution creativity discovery efficacy effectiveness growth hope learning mourning participation purpose self-expression stimulation to matter understanding

Other identified needs that don't obviously fit in the above scheme.

CONNECTION: appreciation compassion consideration consistency inclusion mutuality nurturing respect/self-respect stability support "to know and be known" "to see and be seen" "to understand and be understood" trust warmth